diff --git a/agents/opentoad.ts b/agents/opentoad.ts
index 8705c63..81a1346 100644
--- a/agents/opentoad.ts
+++ b/agents/opentoad.ts
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ async function runOpenCode(params: RunParams): Promise<AgentResult> {
       args: params.args,
       cwd: params.cwd,
       env: params.env,
-      activityTimeout: 0,
+      activityTimeout: 300_000,
       stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
       onStdout: async (chunk) => {
         const text = chunk.toString();
diff --git a/entry b/entry
index 2f69493..80dd82a 100755
--- a/entry
+++ b/entry
@@ -145007,20 +145007,19 @@ function installSignalHandler() {
   });
 }
 async function spawn(options) {
-  const { cmd, args: args2, env: env2, input, timeout, cwd, stdio, onStdout, onStderr } = options;
   const activityTimeoutMs = options.activityTimeout ?? DEFAULT_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS;
   installSignalHandler();
   const startTime = performance3.now();
   let stdoutBuffer = "";
   let stderrBuffer = "";
   return new Promise((resolve2, reject) => {
-    const child = nodeSpawn(cmd, args2, {
-      env: env2 || {
+    const child = nodeSpawn(options.cmd, options.args, {
+      env: options.env || {
         PATH: process.env.PATH || "",
         HOME: process.env.HOME || ""
       },
-      stdio: stdio || ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
-      cwd: cwd || process.cwd()
+      stdio: options.stdio || ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
+      cwd: options.cwd || process.cwd()
     });
     trackChild({ child });
     let timeoutId;
@@ -145028,7 +145027,7 @@ async function spawn(options) {
     let isTimedOut = false;
     let isActivityTimedOut = false;
     let lastActivityTime = performance3.now();
-    if (timeout) {
+    if (options.timeout) {
       timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
         isTimedOut = true;
         child.kill("SIGTERM");
@@ -145037,10 +145036,12 @@ async function spawn(options) {
             child.kill("SIGKILL");
           }
         }, 5e3);
-      }, timeout);
+      }, options.timeout);
     }
     if (activityTimeoutMs > 0) {
-      log.debug(`spawn activity timer: pid=${child.pid} cmd=${cmd} timeout=${activityTimeoutMs}ms`);
+      log.debug(
+        `spawn activity timer: pid=${child.pid} cmd=${options.cmd} timeout=${activityTimeoutMs}ms`
+      );
       activityCheckIntervalId = setInterval(() => {
         const idleMs = performance3.now() - lastActivityTime;
         log.debug(
@@ -145049,7 +145050,9 @@ async function spawn(options) {
         if (idleMs > activityTimeoutMs) {
           isActivityTimedOut = true;
           const idleSec = Math.round(idleMs / 1e3);
-          log.info(`no output for ${idleSec}s from pid=${child.pid} (${cmd}), killing process`);
+          log.info(
+            `no output for ${idleSec}s from pid=${child.pid} (${options.cmd}), killing process`
+          );
           child.kill("SIGKILL");
           clearInterval(activityCheckIntervalId);
         }
@@ -145063,15 +145066,14 @@ async function spawn(options) {
         updateActivity();
         const chunk = data.toString();
         stdoutBuffer += chunk;
-        onStdout?.(chunk);
+        options.onStdout?.(chunk);
       });
     }
     if (child.stderr) {
       child.stderr.on("data", (data) => {
-        updateActivity();
         const chunk = data.toString();
         stderrBuffer += chunk;
-        onStderr?.(chunk);
+        options.onStderr?.(chunk);
       });
     }
     child.on("close", (exitCode) => {
@@ -145080,7 +145082,7 @@ async function spawn(options) {
       if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId);
       if (activityCheckIntervalId) clearInterval(activityCheckIntervalId);
       if (isTimedOut) {
-        reject(new Error(`process timed out after ${timeout}ms`));
+        reject(new Error(`process timed out after ${options.timeout}ms`));
         return;
       }
       if (isActivityTimedOut) {
@@ -145108,8 +145110,8 @@ async function spawn(options) {
         durationMs
       });
     });
-    if (input && child.stdin && stdio?.[0] !== "ignore") {
-      child.stdin.write(input);
+    if (options.input && child.stdin && options.stdio?.[0] !== "ignore") {
+      child.stdin.write(options.input);
       child.stdin.end();
     }
   });
@@ -149649,7 +149651,7 @@ async function runOpenCode(params) {
       args: params.args,
       cwd: params.cwd,
       env: params.env,
-      activityTimeout: 0,
+      activityTimeout: 3e5,
       stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
       onStdout: async (chunk) => {
         const text = chunk.toString();
diff --git a/utils/subprocess.ts b/utils/subprocess.ts
index fc0d0a4..c547f97 100644
--- a/utils/subprocess.ts
+++ b/utils/subprocess.ts
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ export interface SpawnOptions {
   env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
   input?: string;
   timeout?: number;
-  // activity timeout: kill process if no stdout/stderr for this many ms (default: 30s, 0 to disable)
+  // activity timeout: kill process if no stdout for this many ms (default: 30s, 0 to disable).
+  // only stdout resets the timer — stderr (e.g. provider error retries) does not count as progress.
   activityTimeout?: number;
   cwd?: string;
   stdio?: ("pipe" | "ignore" | "inherit")[];
@@ -95,7 +96,6 @@ export interface SpawnResult {
  * Spawn a subprocess with streaming callbacks and buffered results
  */
 export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
-  const { cmd, args, env, input, timeout, cwd, stdio, onStdout, onStderr } = options;
   const activityTimeoutMs = options.activityTimeout ?? DEFAULT_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS;
 
   installSignalHandler();
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
 
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     // security: caller must provide complete env object, not merged with process.env
-    const child = nodeSpawn(cmd, args, {
-      env: env || {
+    const child = nodeSpawn(options.cmd, options.args, {
+      env: options.env || {
         PATH: process.env.PATH || "",
         HOME: process.env.HOME || "",
       },
-      stdio: stdio || ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
-      cwd: cwd || process.cwd(),
+      stdio: options.stdio || ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
+      cwd: options.cwd || process.cwd(),
     });
 
     // track child for cleanup on Ctrl+C
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
     let lastActivityTime = performance.now();
 
     // overall timeout
-    if (timeout) {
+    if (options.timeout) {
       timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
         isTimedOut = true;
         child.kill("SIGTERM");
@@ -135,12 +135,14 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
             child.kill("SIGKILL");
           }
         }, 5000);
-      }, timeout);
+      }, options.timeout);
     }
 
     // activity timeout: kill if no output for too long
     if (activityTimeoutMs > 0) {
-      log.debug(`spawn activity timer: pid=${child.pid} cmd=${cmd} timeout=${activityTimeoutMs}ms`);
+      log.debug(
+        `spawn activity timer: pid=${child.pid} cmd=${options.cmd} timeout=${activityTimeoutMs}ms`
+      );
       activityCheckIntervalId = setInterval(() => {
         const idleMs = performance.now() - lastActivityTime;
         log.debug(
@@ -149,7 +151,9 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
         if (idleMs > activityTimeoutMs) {
           isActivityTimedOut = true;
           const idleSec = Math.round(idleMs / 1000);
-          log.info(`no output for ${idleSec}s from pid=${child.pid} (${cmd}), killing process`);
+          log.info(
+            `no output for ${idleSec}s from pid=${child.pid} (${options.cmd}), killing process`
+          );
           child.kill("SIGKILL");
           clearInterval(activityCheckIntervalId);
         }
@@ -165,16 +169,15 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
         updateActivity();
         const chunk = data.toString();
         stdoutBuffer += chunk;
-        onStdout?.(chunk);
+        options.onStdout?.(chunk);
       });
     }
 
     if (child.stderr) {
       child.stderr.on("data", (data: Buffer) => {
-        updateActivity();
         const chunk = data.toString();
         stderrBuffer += chunk;
-        onStderr?.(chunk);
+        options.onStderr?.(chunk);
       });
     }
 
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
       if (activityCheckIntervalId) clearInterval(activityCheckIntervalId);
 
       if (isTimedOut) {
-        reject(new Error(`process timed out after ${timeout}ms`));
+        reject(new Error(`process timed out after ${options.timeout}ms`));
         return;
       }
 
@@ -222,8 +225,8 @@ export async function spawn(options: SpawnOptions): Promise<SpawnResult> {
       });
     });
 
-    if (input && child.stdin && stdio?.[0] !== "ignore") {
-      child.stdin.write(input);
+    if (options.input && child.stdin && options.stdio?.[0] !== "ignore") {
+      child.stdin.write(options.input);
       child.stdin.end();
     }
   });